Anatoly Morkovnik , chief researcher, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, head of the laboratory of organic synthesis, Research Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University:

“The drug RU-1205 can increase the effectiveness and safety of therapy for a wide range of socially significant diseases accompanied by severe pain. It is clear that there is now a high level of demand for drugs to reduce pain with pronounced effectiveness and low drug-induced potential. This problem is global in nature: until recently, about 40,000 patients per year died from opiate painkillers in the United States, mainly from the inhibitory effect of opiates on the respiratory center, which is not observed in the case of RU-1205.”

The drug is designed for use as an analgesic for severe pain syndromes associated with trauma (mechanical, gunshot, thermal, combined), surgical operations, diseases of internal organs, myocardial infarction, malignant neoplasms and chronic diseases. It can find its application in surgery, anesthesiology, obstetrics and gynecology, traumatology, oncology, neurology and cardiology.

To implement the analgesic RU-1205 developed by SFU scientists into practice, there is already a candidate substance, a method for its preparation and pharmacological characteristics. Business structures are already analyzing the potential market for the analgesic, the nature of the risks, the amount of financial costs for conducting clinical trials, organizing pilot production, expected profits and payback period.

#ScienceSFU#painkillers#medicines#SFU

After being drafted into the army, he served in units of the Pacific Fleet Air Force. Since 1942, he continued to serve in the Northern Fleet aviation: first in the 2nd Guards Mixed Aviation Regiment, and then in the 9th Guards Mine and Torpedo Aviation Regiment.

In 1944, Mikhail Mikhailovich graduated from the military school for pilots of initial training of the Navy Air Force, and two years later from the Yeisk Military Aviation School, after which he was transferred to the Black Sea Fleet. In 1950-1951 he served in the 174th Guards Red Banner Pechenga Fighter Regiment of the Northern Fleet Air Force. In 1955 he graduated from the Air Force Academy.

For military exploits, courage and bravery shown in battles with the Nazi invaders, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Mikhail Badyuk was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the First Class of the Patriotic War, the Red Star, the medals “For Courage”, “For the Defense of the Soviet Arctic” and “For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945”.

Since 1960, Mikhail Mikhailovich worked at the Rostov State Pedagogical Institute and the Institute of Agricultural Engineering in Rostov-on-Don.

We are proud and remember our heroes!

#scientific regiment#Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation#Science SFU#SFU

The Southern Federal, together with the Uzbek State University of World Languages, organized a number of cultural and educational events dedicated to the Days of Culture of Uzbekistan.

A delegation from the Republic of Uzbekistan arrived in the Don. The delegation of UzSUM included: Vice-Rector for International Relations Alisher Abidjanov , Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Translation Aziz Rakhmonov , Head of the Department of Uzbek Language Zilola Salisheva , Professor Anvar Kadyrov , Senior Lecturer Zamira Usmanova , as well as a graduate of the Russian State University, responsible for relations with universities of the Russian Federation Olim Akhmedov . The Uzbek educational company “Study Solutions Academy” is represented by General Director Muhammadjon Aliyev .

President of the Southern Federal University Marina Borovskaya greeted the guests from Uzbekistan:

“This cooperation is very important for us in light of the scientific, educational and cultural agenda. Southern Federal University has partnerships with various universities in countries near and far abroad. And the opening of the Russian-Uzbek Center for Education, Language and Culture is proof of this. In these two days we will become more closely acquainted with the culture, traditions, and education of Uzbekistan.”

Consul General of the Republic of Uzbekistan in Rostov-on-Don Rustam Kurganbaev attended the opening of the Russian-Uzbekistan Center for Education, Language and Culture:

“Today is a very pleasant event. Culture, education and youth are the main drivers of the development of our states. In our difficult times, such events unite, they demonstrate to the whole world that we are together, that our countries are moving forward, penetrating each other’s traditions, education and culture. The number of Uzbek students entering Russian universities is increasing every year.”

Vice-Rector for International Relations of the Uzbek State University of World Languages ​​Alisher Abidjanov noted:

“We know the Southern Federal University very well, which is famous not only in Russia, but also abroad and occupies a high place in world rankings. Together with Southern Federal University, on the basis of the open center, we plan to implement various scientific and educational projects, engage in the exchange of students and teachers. We hope that the center will become a base for improving the quality of higher education in our universities.”

Vice-Rector for Strategic and Innovative Development of SFedU Evgeny Mukhanov emphasized that in the modern world it is extremely important to establish cooperation not only in education, but also to build cooperation with our partners who do a lot of practical work and have truly innovative centers that introduce new methods of education.

Director of the Institute of Sociology and Regional Studies of Southern Federal University Andrey Bedrik expressed gratitude to the representatives of the Uzbek delegation:

“It is very pleasant that spring in Rostov-on-Don began with your arrival! We are proud that one of the leading humanities professors at the Uzbek State University of World Languages, Anvar Kadyrov, visited our Institute. We will continue to conduct joint humanitarian research with Uzbek colleagues. This is a great honor for us.”

Gulnara Lomakina , director of the Institute of Philology, Journalism and Intercultural Communication of SFU, also addressed a welcoming speech :

“This is a landmark event for our Institute. Today there are a large number of our philology students here who are studying languages. As the famous Russian teacher Konstantin Ushinsky once said, language is the only material expression of culture. As long as the language is alive, the people are alive.”

Natalya Karpovskaya , director of the International Institute of Interdisciplinary Education and Ibero-American Studies, noted at the opening of the center that this is a significant event, since the opening of the center will help strengthen cultural and educational ties with Uzbekistan:

“The initiative to open this center was born last year, when we held the Days of Uzbek Culture at SFU for the first time. We hope that ties between the educational institutions of our countries will develop into a larger, interregional friendship.”

The head of the new center was Sabina Kerimova , senior lecturer at the Department of Russian as a Foreign Language and Methods of Teaching It.

Among the events that take place on April 21-22 are open lectures on the traditions, culture and literature of Uzbekistan, Uzbek language lessons, a round table “Russia and Uzbekistan in the context of the development of international research collaborations: problems and prospects”, a youth forum “We are different and this is our wealth,” tasting of national cuisine, etc.

In addition to SFU, events are also held at the Don State Public Library, which traditionally supports the university’s initiative and provides its venues for events. Here, for two days, a stylized photo zone “Ethnostyle” operates, a screening of an Uzbek film and an educational lecture about the traditions and culture of Uzbekistan are organized.

Guests of Rostov-on-Don from Uzbekistan were able to get acquainted with the culture of the Don region thanks to the performance of the Cossack vocal folk ensemble “Ataman” of the Regional House of Folk Art of the Rostov Region.

Program of the Days of Culture of Uzbekistan in the Southern Federal District

For reference: In September 2022, joint Uzbek-Russian centers of education, language and culture will also be opened on the basis of the Uzbek State University of World Languages, Bukhara State University and the Samarkand Institute of Foreign Languages.

Photo: SIC ITA Photo: SIC ITA

Cryptography is the science of methods and techniques for encrypting information. It is designed to transmit data in a closed form so that only the person for whom it is intended can read it. Cryptography tools are also used to control the integrity of messages, for mechanisms for identifying and authenticating users on the network, for digitally signing messages and many other tasks of the modern digital world.

According to Associate Professor of the Department of Information Technology Security at the Institute of Computer Technologies and Information Security of the Southern Federal University Evgenia Ishchukova , history knows many interesting cases related to cryptography.

“During World War II, the Americans used the Novajo Indians to transmit data. The Indians spoke on open radio in their native language, but no one could understand them. However, when preparing the Indians themselves to serve as radio operators, the Americans faced a number of problems. Because in the Indian language there were no such concepts as an airplane, a tank, or a cruiser. Each such name was given a synonym, for example, an airplane is a large iron bird, etc. Based on real historical events, the feature film “Wind Talkers” was shot,” notes Evgenia Ishchukova .

According to the expert, everything related to information technology is related to cryptography. When transmitting data over the network, traffic is encrypted. To gain access to the site using a password, passwords are processed using cryptographic means. In instant messengers, all traffic is also encrypted. Internet of Things devices transmit data in encrypted form. A group of unmanned aerial objects identifies each other using the Friend or Foe protocol using cryptography. All this happens unnoticed by the user. We don’t even notice how the data is converted and then restored. But without this, they would be accessible to attackers, and therefore vulnerable.

Photo: SIC ITA Photo: SIC ITA

“Russia has a very strong school of cryptography. The country is fully provided with encryption standards for various purposes (GOSTs), developed by domestic cryptographers. I recommend everyone to watch the documentary “The Verchenko Code” about the outstanding Russian mathematician and cryptographer Ivan Yakovlevich Verchenko. Many works of Russian and Soviet cryptographers are important and still remain classified,” emphasized Evgenia Ishchukova .

Outstanding Russian mathematician and cryptographer Ivan Yakovlevich Verchenko Outstanding Russian mathematician and cryptographer Ivan Yakovlevich Verchenko

Every year the cryptographer profession will be in more and more demand. Cryptographic specialists work at Kaspersky Lab, as well as in companies that produce software and hardware security tools: ANKAD, Security Code, Legion-inform and many others.

“We see an active rise in the IT industry in our country. Including active work on import substitution. And all this requires skills in implementing and using cryptographic tools in developed software and hardware products,” the expert notes .

Photo: SIC ITA Photo: SIC ITA

It is worth noting that on the basis of SFU at the Institute of Computer Technologies and Information Security, cryptography is taught as one of the disciplines in training students in the field of “Information Security”. At the same time, students will learn not only the basics of constructing encryption algorithms, but also methods for assessing their reliability. Our university has accumulated a large scientific base in the field of cryptography, several dissertations have been defended on the topic of cryptography and cryptanalysis. Every year, graduates of the specialty “Information Security of Automated Systems” choose topics related to the use of cryptographic algorithms and the study of their reliability.

Nikolai Mitrofanovich was born in 1921 on the Meliozovka farm in the Rostov region into a peasant family. He graduated from 7th grade, and then worked at a factory in Taganrog.

Nikolay Shcherbakov has been in the Navy since 1940. On the front of the Great Patriotic War – from June 1941. He took part in the defense of Odessa and was wounded. After treatment, he served in the coastal defense of the Poti Naval Base of the Black Sea Fleet.

In February 1944, sailor Shcherbakov was sent to the 384th separate marine battalion of the Black Sea Fleet. He took part in the battles for the liberation of the villages of the Kherson region Aleksandrovka, Bogoyavlenskoye (now Oktyabrsky) and Shirokaya Balka.

In 1946, Sergeant Nikolai Shcherbakov was demobilized. For the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command at the front and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, sailor Shcherbakov received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union . He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and medals.

After the end of the war, Nikolai Mitrofanovich studied at the Faculty of Law of the Russian State University. He was among those who came to the university in a soldier’s tunic. Today Rostov school No. 87 bears the name of Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Shcherbakov.

We are proud and remember our heroes!
#scientific regiment#Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation#Science SFU#SFU

This year, the “Summer University” project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation will offer its participants training in more than 20 additional education programs. Natural sciences, engineering, socio-economics, humanities – all areas were determined by universities in accordance with the priorities of scientific and technological development of Russia and a focus on advanced research trends.

List of universities that will host #LU22 guests:

1.Baltic Federal University named after. I. Kant – “Microbiology and Biotechnology” (direction “Biology”);
2.Grozny State Petroleum Technical University named after Academician M.D. Millionshchikova – “Modern innovative technologies in construction and architecture” (direction “Engineering Sciences”);
3. Far Eastern Federal University – “International Business and Digital Economy” (direction “Economics”)
4. Crimean Federal University named after. IN AND. Vernadsky – “Agricultural technologies for the production of natural environmentally friendly products” (direction “Agriculture”);
5. Moscow State University of Food Production – “FoodBIOTech directions of the future” (direction “Engineering Sciences”);
6.Moscow State Law University named after O.E. Kutafina (MSAL) – “International Summer School of Law” (direction “Law”);
7. Pskov State University – “Start media: intensive on creating an information portal” (direction “Journalism”), “Speech – language – culture” (direction “Philology”), “BioSchool” – from theory to experiment” (direction “Biology” “);
8. Russian State University named after A.N. Kosygina – “Design and technology of light industry” (direction “Engineering Sciences”);
9. St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University “LETI” named after V. I. Ulyanov (Lenin) – “Biomedical systems and technologies” (direction “Biomedicine”), “Industrial software development for robotics and the Internet of things”, “Mechatronics and robotics “, “Engineering Russian language” (direction “Engineering”);
10. North Caucasus Federal University – “Digital transformation – new economic opportunities”, “Management of cybersecurity incidents” (direction “Economics and Management”);
11. Siberian Federal University – “Global entrepreneurship in real and virtual space: ESG-transformation of the economy” (direction “Management”);
12. Sochi State University – “Design of tourist services using innovative technologies” (direction “Tourism and service”);
13. Tyumen State University – “Law-IT-Entrepreneurship” (direction “Law, Entrepreneurship and IT”);
14. Southern Federal University – “Engineering: Telecommunications and Information Technologies” (direction “Engineering”).

As a result of the project, all participants will receive two certificates of completion of additional general education programs – industry and cross-cutting.

This year’s cross-cutting focus is “Social Design Accelerator.” The program was developed at Pskov State University. Each participant in the Summer University as part of a group will be able to not only create a passport for a social project, but also outline steps for its implementation. The Accelerator has planned 6 lectures and 6 practical sessions. All projects will take part in an inter-university competition, based on the results of which three winners will be determined.

Follow the hashtag #SummerUniversity of YuFU22 – there will be a lot of interesting and SUMMER things coming soon!

#SFU#Student of SFU#LPR#DPR#Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation#LU22

Evdokia Andreevna Nikulina is a legendary pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union (1944), graduate of the Rostov Pedagogical Institute (1954).

She was born in the year of the October Revolution – November 8, 1917 in the village of Parfenovo (now Spas-Demensky District, Kaluga Region) into a peasant family. She graduated from an aviation technical school and an aviation school in the city of Balashov. She worked as a pilot in the aviation detachment of the Civil Air Fleet of the city of Smolensk, delivering airmail, urgent medical flights, and exterminating malaria mosquitoes.

At that time, no one knew that during the war the Nazi invaders would call Nikulina and her front-line friends “night witches” with horror, and their feat would be forever inscribed in the history of our Motherland.

Her frontline journey began in June 1941. The first days of the war, Evdokia Nikulina served at the headquarters of the Western Front, then was assigned to the city of Engels, where Marina Raskova formed the women’s aviation regiments of the Red Army Air Force. She served in the bomber aviation regiment throughout the war – until 1945. Flew on Po-2. She took part in the defense of the Caucasus and in the Crimean offensive operation, for which she received the second Order of the Red Banner.

The squadron commander of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment (325th Night Bomber Aviation ision, 4th Air Army, 2nd Belorussian Front) Guard, Major Nikulina, had completed 600 combat missions by September 1944.

“Dina Nikulina is a professional pilot with excellent piloting technique. Her character is cheerful and cheerful. She flew fearlessly. And at amateur performance evenings she enthusiastically tap-danced until she was wounded in the leg. After that, we found out that she sings excellently,” fellow front-line soldiers recalled Evdokia Andreevna.

After the war, Guard Major Nikulina was in the reserve and then retired. In 1948 she graduated from the Rostov party school, and in 1954 from the Pedagogical Institute.

For the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command and demonstrated courage and heroism in battles with the Nazi invaders, Evdokia Andreevna Nikulina was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union! She was also awarded the Order of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of Alexander Nevsky, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degrees, as well as medals.

In memory of the heroic Soviet military pilot, a memorial plaque was installed on the house where she spent her post-war life in Rostov-on-Don (Zhuravleva lane, 104), and an obelisk in the city of Spas-Demensk, Kaluga region (where Evdokia Andreevna was born). A Rostov-on-Don street in the Bolgarstroy microdistrict was named in honor of Evdokia Andreevna Nikulina.

We are proud and remember our heroes!

#scientific regiment #Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation #Science SFU #SFU

May 7 went down in the history of world science and technology as the Birthday of Radio . It was on this day in 1895 that Russian physicist Alexander Popov first publicly demonstrated his invention – a radio receiver that could record signals from a Hertz vibrator. This happened at a meeting of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society.

“In terms of formally obtaining a foreign patent for the invention of radio, many consider Guglielmo Marconi to be the first. The Italian conducted experiments on transmitting and receiving information from June 1895 to February 1896, but did not present them publicly. And he received his first patent for equipment for wireless signal transmission on July 2, 1897.

Alexander Pilipenko. Photo: SIC ITA Alexander Pilipenko. Photo: SIC ITA

As for Alexander Popov, the public presentation of his invention was long prevented by the fact that he signed a non-disclosure agreement with the Navy. I note that now even in the American IEEE they recognize that Alexander Stepanovich was a pioneer in this matter,” said Alexander Pilipenko, head of the department of theoretical foundations of radio engineering at the Institute of Radio Engineering Systems and Control of the Southern Federal University.

The Department of TOR IRTSU began work in September 1953 and became the first special graduating department at the Taganrog Radio Engineering Institute (TRTI).

“Students begin their studies with us with basic physics and mathematics training. Then they master disciplines on the basics of radio engineering and specialized subjects on the development of communication networks, digital telecommunications equipment, and devices that are necessary to ensure the operation of radio-electronic complexes.

The guys also study signaling protocols for telecommunication networks, systems for processing various types of information: from sound to images, and much more,” added the head of the department.

Alexander Pilipenko notes that high-quality engineering education does not lose its relevance even in the era of boom in IT specialties. Upon completion of their studies, students of the Department of Advanced Development of IRTSU SFedU know not only information technologies and software, but also know how to develop technical means for modern communication, location, and navigation systems.

IRTSU Open Day. Photo: SIC SFedU Alexander Pilipenko with graduates IRTSU Open Day. Photo: SIC SFU

The department offers all levels of higher education: bachelor’s and master’s degrees in the field of “Infocommunication technologies and communication systems,” as well as postgraduate studies in the scientific specialty “Radio engineering, including television systems and devices.” It should be noted that students of the Department of Advanced Development of IRTSU have a unique opportunity to study in a master’s program under the double degree program.

“It was developed jointly with the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology and is associated with the Internet of things and wireless communication technologies. That is, in order to simultaneously study at Skoltech, students must enroll in our field of study: Moscow colleagues are completely satisfied with our range of disciplines,” Alexander Pilipenko.

May 7 is one of the main holidays in IRTSU. Earlier on this day, meetings with applicants and concerts were traditionally held at the Faculty of Radio Engineering of TRTI. Now they have been supplemented by popular science lectures on various aspects of radio engineering.

Photo: SIC ITA Photo: SIC ITA

Employees of the Department of Advanced Development of IRTSU SFedU have been participating in work on modifying special-purpose equipment, both ground-based and underwater, for many years. It was from here that the creation of signal processing units for Proton-SSS digital automatic telephone exchanges began. The department can also boast of an electronic piano developed by Professor V.P. Ryzhov, and modifications of audio equipment authored by Professor K.V. Filatova.

For those students who want to expand their knowledge in the field of radio engineering, since the fall of 2020, the department has been running a radio circle under the guidance of associate professors V.V. Tereshkova and F.A. Tsvetkova.

Photo: SIC SFU Photo: SIC SFU

“Classes are held outside of school hours for everyone. Mostly these are 2nd-3rd year students of IRTSU, but there are also representatives of other structural isions.

In the circle, they additionally master transistor-based amplification devices, integrated circuits, signal processing methods and measuring their parameters using the most modern instruments. Thanks to the availability of radio stations and digital receivers, circle participants can take a course in digital radio communications and radio monitoring,” Alexander Pilipenko.

The doors of all leading enterprises of the country’s radio engineering complex are open to graduates of the department. In Taganrog these are NKB VS, Sukhoi Design Bureau, JSC Taganrog Research Institute of Communications, PJSC TANTK im. G.M. Beriev”, in Rostov-on-Don – FSUE “RNIIRS”, JSC “VNII “Gradient”. In the Moscow region, graduates of the Department of Advanced Development of IRTSU SFedU are welcome in JSC KNIRTI, JSC NPP Istok, the center of Russian aviation science – the city of Zhukovsky.

The museum traces its history back to the collection of the mineralogical cabinet of the Imperial Warsaw University , which was evacuated to Rostov-on-Don in 1915 due to the outbreak of the First World War. The transportation of samples was carried out by N.A. Grigorovich-Berezovsky and P.I. Lebedev. Thanks to them, the cabinet collection was not only preserved, but also expanded in the following years.

During the Second World War, part of the collection of the mineralogical cabinet had to be evacuated from Rostov to the city of Osh in the Kyrgyz SSR. The remaining part of the samples, unfortunately, was destroyed on July 8, 1942 due to a direct hit by an aerial bomb on the university building. Nevertheless, in the second half of the 20th century, the cabinet’s collections began to be actively replenished thanks to stone material brought by students and teachers after completing practical training and scientific expeditions. This development led to the decision to establish a Mineralogical and Petrographic Museum on the basis of the office. It first opened its doors on February 23, 1976.

Today, the Mineralogical Museum has 8 different collections of specimens available: mineralogical, petrographic, paleontological, natural crystals, landscape stones, natural gems, meteorites and impactites, synthesized materials.

“The museum’s collection is replenished annually and in different ways: something is brought by students from practice; something is donated from our former graduates or teachers; We get something by exchanging with other museums. Nothing is bought, everything is found independently or exchanged between museums. Quite recently we went to Moscow and established contacts with the IGEM RAS museum and the A.E. Mineralogical Museum. Fersman RAS,” noted the head of the museum Lyudmila Bortova .

The museum’s collection contains samples from almost all over the world. Among the unusual and unique specimens are samples from Antarctica, a fragment of the Chelyabinsk meteorite, a mammoth tusk, shark teeth over 40 million years old, landscape stones, a diamond weighing 0.2 carats and many others. Of particular value are also the samples that remain from the time of the University of Warsaw.

“The museum’s collection contains plaster casts of dinosaur footprints that were made on a plateau in the Kugitangtau mountains in Turkmenistan. In 1982, a scientific student expedition led by teachers was organized. Students studied chains of dinosaur tracks: measured, described, photographed, and made plaster casts. About thirty plaster casts were brought, made from the footprints of various dinosaurs. These are unique exhibits, it is almost impossible to do this now,” emphasized Lyudmila Bortova .

All museum exhibitions are built taking into account the educational programs taught at the faculty. For example, a mineralogical collection is built according to the taxonomy of minerals as they are studied. All this facilitates the use of collections for educational and scientific purposes.

“Since the museum is the largest collection of minerals and rocks in the south of Russia, its attendance and interest in it are great. In addition to SFU students, the museum is usually visited by schoolchildren, students of other universities and colleges, and representatives of various delegations. Recently, the contingent of our guests has been replenished with older people: veterans and pensioners. Every year, not counting “open days,” about 2 thousand people visit the mineralogical museum during organized excursions,” said Lyudmila Bortova .

The Mineralogical Museum is located on the first floor of the Institute of Geosciences of the Southern Federal University at the address: st. Sorge, 40 and is open to the public from Monday to Friday (10:00-16:00). Excursions are carried out by prior arrangement, telephone: 8-988-573-74-22.

SFU | SFEDU SFEDU GO: Mineralogical Museum of SFU – the largest in the South of Russia25 April 202221:50 SFEDU GO: Mineralogical Museum of SFU – the largest in the South of Russia SFU | SFEDU00:00

]]> https://patent-rabota.online/sfedu-go-mineralogical-museum-of-southern-federal-university-the-largest-in-the-south-of-russia/feed/ 0 https://patent-rabota.online/point-of-view-sfedu-experts-on-the-life-of-dinosaurs-possible-causes-of-extinction-and-problems-of-studying-their-remains/ https://patent-rabota.online/point-of-view-sfedu-experts-on-the-life-of-dinosaurs-possible-causes-of-extinction-and-problems-of-studying-their-remains/#respond Thu, 26 Oct 2023 03:10:56 +0000 https://patent-rabota.online/?p=45444 Dinosaurs became extinct many millions of years ago, but humanity is still trying to restore the picture of the world of ancient reptiles. Films are made about them, books are written, but in all the information in the mass media there are more hypotheses and fantasies than scientific facts. But what do we really know about them? SFU experts – a zoologist, geologist and paleontologist – talk about the life of ancient animals.

Last December, a group of scientists from different countries published a report on the study of a dinosaur egg that was found in China back in 2000. The peculiarity of the find lies in the almost perfect condition of the preserved embryo. The age of the remains is 72-76 million years. Who are the real dinosaurs and what descendants did they leave? What was the main reason for their extinction? And why do some remains survive while others do not?

Zoologist about the lifestyle of dinosaurs and the future man during their existence

Alexey Tikhonov , Associate Professor of the Department of Zoology, PhD, spoke about the structural features of dinosaurs, their life and what the future man was like when large reptiles occupied a dominant position on Earth.

Dinosaurs belong to the phylum of chordate vertebrates and belong to the class of reptiles. Reptiles are one of the oldest groups of vertebrate land animals. Reptiles existing today include turtles, crocodiles, scalybacks and two species of tuataria – representatives of the order Beakheads that have survived to this day.

The largest species of extinct reptiles include dinosaurs, ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs and pterosaurs – flying lizards. The last three species, according to the speaker, lived in parallel with dinosaurs, but are not classified as them because they have a different origin. The subclass of cotylosaurs is the common ancestor of the largest ancient reptiles, and representatives of this class looked like modern lizards. Now cotylosaurs include two extant species of hatteria.

The expert also spoke about the place of dinosaurs in the food chain: when the species of dinosaurs was formed, they took a dominant position on the planet.

“The niches that mammals occupy now were then occupied by dinosaurs. Mammals had to adapt to the conditions of such a life and hide from them. Herbivorous dinosaurs were both small and large, and there were also carnivorous dinosaurs. Surely they had their own scavengers. There is even an opinion that the famous Tyrannosaurus Rex was more of a scavenger than an active predator,” Alexey Tikhonov.

Dinosaurs were primarily diurnal animals. They used sunlight to warm themselves to optimal temperatures. And mammals had to lead a nocturnal and secretive lifestyle. Therefore, their sound production was poorly developed; they did not know how to make complex sounds, as they still cannot do now. Dinosaurs, apparently, had a weak sense of smell, but their vision was well developed.

Dinosaurs lived all over the planet. Archosaurs, which included ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs, also lived in water. There was no territorial isolation, since the continent was then united. The expert also told what the future man looked like in the era of dinosaurs:

“About 90 million years ago, the general group of primates split into primates and woolly winged animals. The group of primates then looked visually similar to modern rats. Around the same time, they ided into higher and lower primates. According to many anatomical and biological features, humans belong to the higher primates,” Alexey Tikhonov.

Geologist about ancient animal remains and the problems of their study

Alexey Lednev , geologist, senior lecturer at the Department of General and Engineering Geology, spoke about the features of preserving animal remains in general, their study and problems of paleontology and paleozoology.

The expert noted that paleontologists in their research work with fossilized remains – traces of ancient life that has survived to this day, preserved in the depths of the layers of the Earth. A dead animal, buried under sedimentary rocks, after time, under the influence of chemical reactions, acquires the properties of stone.

At the same time, the remains of organisms undergo changes. They may be destroyed, their structure may change, or the primary skeletal substance may be replaced by more stable minerals. According to the speaker, ferruginization, silicification, phosphatization, pyritization, etc. most often occur .

The scientist emphasized that Russian paleontology is a fundamental science that stands on the border of major branches of biology and geology. It has given a lot for understanding the evolutionary development of the Earth; it is the main tool for geological surveying, the basis for various directions in geology. According to the speaker, recently paleontology has been well illustrated by Kant’s theory of the “thing in itself . ”

A special branch of paleontology, paleozoology, studies the remains of dinosaurs. The problem of studying, according to the expert, is associated with the discovery, preparation, isolation of the remains of inidual iniduals from the accumulation and their classification.

“As for the causes of extinction, there have been several global extinctions throughout the history of the Earth. Some associate the most important geohistorical events with cosmic impacts of celestial bodies, others with the action of multiple environmental factors.

The first ones are simpler and more effective, which is why they are in the center of attention; the second ones are complex, uncertain, largely unfinished and cannot yet claim a leading role. Darwin wrote that to explain the extinction of dinosaurs, you need to know how they lived,” Alexey Lednev.

Paleontologist about the reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs and their modern “descendants”

Vadim Titov , paleontologist, candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the Department of Zoology, ABiB SFU, leading researcher at the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, spoke about the possible reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs and named their “descendants” living in our time.

The paleontologist noted that at the moment it is impossible to accurately answer why dinosaurs became extinct. There is a hypothesis, popular in North America, about the death of dinosaurs as a result of the impact of the Chicxulub asteroid in the Yucotan Peninsula . However, it cannot be considered the main reason for the extinction of this group of reptiles.

The specialist noted that the disappearance of dinosaurs was only an episode of one of the mass extinctions on our planet and it did not happen all at once – this process lasted several million years. At the end of the Cretaceous period (ended approximately 66 million years ago – Ed.) significant changes in vegetation cover, landscape and climate occurred: the continents changed their position and this affected ocean currents. This is how the climate changed: it became cooler. At the end of the Cretaceous, there was also a massive eruption of the Deccan Traps on the territory of modern Hindustan, which led to the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere.

“The fall of the famous meteorite became, as it were, the final touch in the overall picture of the transformation of the animal and plant worlds – primarily in Central and North America. It is known that at the end of the Cretaceous period (about 66 million years ago), not only dinosaurs became extinct, but also a large number of other terrestrial and marine groups of organisms: both vertebrates and invertebrates. But at the same time, many relatives of dinosaurs survived, for example, crocodiles and birds. Moreover, birds are currently the most numerous group of terrestrial vertebrates. So the disappearance of dinosaurs, in the narrow sense, is rather a natural process,” Vadim Titov.

The scientist noted the presence of a genetic connection between modern chickens and dinosaurs. The very idea of ​​the closeness of the genes of chickens and dinosaurs came to us from a popular BBC film. However, this plot should not be taken literally. They are not direct relatives, and in addition to chickens, there are other “descendants” of dinosaurs in our modern world.

Some researchers who use the cladistic method of analyzing phylogeny (a branch of biology that studies the evolutionary development, or phylogeny, of the world of organisms. – Ed.), argue that birds are modern dinosaurs. Indeed, paleontological evidence strongly suggests that birds evolved from maniraptor dinosaurs in the Jurassic or even the late Triassic.

“The well-known representative of ancient lizard-tailed birds – Archeopteryx – is, in fact, one of the dinosaurs that began to master the air environment. All modern birds, representatives of another subclass of Fan-tailed birds, separated from the Lizard-tailed birds already in the Cretaceous period. Therefore, among the modern fauna, it is birds that are genetically closer to dinosaurs than crocodiles,” Vadim Titov.

Vadim Titov also spoke about the likelihood of humans recreating dinosaurs. According to the speaker, it will never be possible to do this in the form in which it is presented, for example, in the film “Jurassic Park”. The reason is that it is impossible to obtain and decipher the DNA of these ancient reptiles. The oldest DNA fragments, up to 1 million years old, are studied by paleogeneticists thanks to finds from permafrost. All the news about obtaining fragments of dinosaur DNA (including from amber) turned out to be the results of scientific errors as a result of the so-called. contamination of the objects being studied, when samples were contaminated with DNA fragments of modern organisms, including the researchers themselves.

Another question, according to the paleontologist, is the significance of such an achievement in science. This can be a very interesting scientific task and testing of techniques. However, such projects require significant funding. Just to recreate the dinosaur, there will be people willing to donate significant funds, the paleontologist noted. For example, work is currently underway to recreate the woolly mammoth, since there are wealthy people who want to immortalize themselves in this way.

By the way, the Museum of Mineralogy of the Institute of Geosciences of the Southern Federal University stores casts of dinosaur footprints. You can read more about them here.

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